Introduction to the Control Principles of Electric Vehicle Motors (1) - Development of Electric Vehicle Drive Motors (3)

02. Switched Reluctance Motor

The start of switched reluctance motor was later than that of brushless DC motor speed control system. The switched reluctance motor system integrates digital electronics, power electronics, and modern electromagnetic theory technology, and is a technology product with the integration of light, machine, and electricity. Its source can be traced back to the variable reluctance structure of stepper motors.

The motor structure of a switched reluctance motor is not significantly different from other motors, with high reliability, relatively low production costs, and a large motor utilization coefficient. In particular, its torque performance is very good, and its speed regulation performance is also good. The torque is independent of current polarity, and only unidirectional current excitation is required. Overall, it is a good choice for electric vehicle propulsion.

The disadvantage is that high requirements are placed on the motor driver, the proportion of harmonic components is high, saturation occurs at the magnetic pole ends, and there are many output terminals, which often leads to noise, increasing the difficulty of controller design and handling automotive noise.

03. Permanent magnet synchronous motor

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has the advantages of small size, high power density, wide speed range, fast starting speed, wide torque stability range, high operating efficiency, and relatively simple control algorithm, making it the darling of electric vehicle drive motors. Recently, it has become a highly favored industrial electric machine model with a very broad development prospect.

The permanent magnet has a constant magnetic field and a high magnetic field strength, which greatly simplifies the control program without the need for armature excitation. The motor produced can not only achieve high performance that cannot be achieved by electric excitation motors, but also can be made into various special motors according to operational needs, such as elevator traction motors, car specific motors, etc.

The disadvantage is that the permanent magnet is made of rare earth materials, and suitable permanent magnets can be designed and customized according to the application situation, resulting in slightly higher motor costs.

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